What distinguishes simple carbohydrates from complex carbohydrates?

The distinguishing feature of simple carbohydrates is that they consist of one or two sugar molecules, known as monosaccharides and disaccharides, respectively. This structure allows them to be quickly and easily absorbed into the bloodstream, providing a rapid source of energy. Common examples of simple carbohydrates include glucose, fructose, sucrose, and lactose.

In contrast, complex carbohydrates are made up of long chains of sugar molecules, which are polysaccharides, such as starch and fiber. These chains require more time for the body to break down during digestion, leading to a slower, more sustained release of energy.

This understanding highlights the significant differences in structure and digestion rates between simple and complex carbohydrates, which is crucial for nutrition and exercise physiology.